{"id":8041,"date":"2023-01-31T15:45:40","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T13:45:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.asemer.ro\/?p=8041"},"modified":"2023-01-31T15:52:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-31T13:52:23","slug":"colaboracion-con-revista-patronatului-roman-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.asemer.ro\/index.php\/2023\/01\/31\/colaboracion-con-revista-patronatului-roman-13\/","title":{"rendered":"Colaboraci\u00f3n con Revista Patronatului Rom\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mo\u0219tenirea industrial\u0103 cl\u0103dit\u0103 de vizionarul George Assan: prima moar\u0103 cu aburi din Rom\u00e2nia<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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foto: adevarul.ro, A.N.D.M.B. fond P.M.B. tehnic, dosar 73\/1892<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Debutul industrializ\u0103rii Bucure\u0219tiului este legat \u0219i de vizionarul \u00eentreprinz\u0103tor George Assan, prin flerul cu care \u0219i-a transformat afacerile bazate pe agricultur\u0103 \u0219i comer\u021b, folosindu-se de tehnologia pentru prelucrare.  Acesta s-a remarcat prin a fi unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi comercian\u021bi \u0219i industria\u0219i de dup\u0103 revolu\u021bia de la 1848, cunoscut mai ales prin aducerea de la Viena a primului motor cu aburi Siegel care i-a facilitat construirea Morii Assan, consemnat\u0103 \u00een istorie drept prima moar\u0103 mecanic\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

George Assan f\u0103cea parte dintr-o familie \u00eenst\u0103rit\u0103, cu rela\u021bii financiare \u00een lumea bun\u0103 a Bucure\u0219tiului, a c\u0103rei venituri \u0219i influen\u021b\u0103 au fost investite \u00een noi afaceri care s-au dovedit de succes. Pentru \u00eenceput, \u00een anul 1849, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu asociatul s\u0103u Ioan Martinovici, Assan a deschis prima b\u0103c\u0103nie din Bucure\u0219ti, pe strada Lipscani, care \u0219i-a c\u00e2\u0219tigat \u00een scurt timp renumele datorit\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103rii de bunuri de lux comercializate \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate. Ulterior, \u0219i-a mutat magazinul \u00een Hanul \u0218erban \u2013 Vod\u0103 ceea ce i-a adus noi profituri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu toate acestea, cea mai prosper\u0103 \u0219i de notorietate afacere a fost dezvoltarea primei mori cu aburi din Rom\u00e2nia, cu mare impact pentru industria rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Supranumit\u0103 Moara lui Assan (chiar dac\u0103 \u00een primii ani Assan a r\u0103mas \u00een parteneriat cu Martinovici, ambii fiind fondatorii de jure) a fost realizat\u0103 \u00een anul 1853, pe un teren achizi\u021bionat de la proprietarul Epitropia Ghica \u00een zona de ie\u0219ire de pe Calea Mo\u0219ilor, \u0219i extins\u0103 ulterior \u0219i pe terenurile din jur preluate de la localnici. Ini\u021bial, \u00eentreprinderea a pornit de la o mic\u0103 instala\u021bie de presare pentru ulei pus\u0103 \u00een func\u021biune prin for\u021b\u0103 uman\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2teva pietre de m\u0103cinat gr\u0103un\u021be puse \u00een mi\u0219care de cai, potrivit unor consemn\u0103ri ale istoricului francez Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dam\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spirit \u00eentreprinz\u0103tor, con\u0219tient c\u0103 banalul mor\u0103rit reprezenta un proces retrograd,  Assan a \u00een\u021beles importan\u021ba for\u021bei motrice \u00een industrie, fapt pentru care a decis achizi\u021bionarea primei ma\u0219ini cu aburi de la Casa Siegel din Viena. Este vorba de un motor de mari dimensiuni care func\u021biona cu ajutorul vaporilor de ap\u0103. Transportul utilajelor pentru moar\u0103 care c\u00e2nt\u0103reau circa 8 tone a fost anevoios, \u0219i a durat mai bine de o lun\u0103, \u00eentr-o prim\u0103 etap\u0103 naval\u0103, pe Dun\u0103re, cu vaporul de la Viena la Giurgiu, urmat de o etap\u0103 terestr\u0103, de la Giurgiu la Bucure\u0219ti, unde c\u0103ru\u021bele trase de boi au trebuit s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la destia\u021bie parcurg\u00e2nd drumuri \u0219i pode\u021be deteriorate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru o construc\u021bie de o asemenea anvergur\u0103 au fost angaja\u021bi o serie de ingineri, arhitec\u021bi \u0219i me\u0219teri nem\u021bi cu experien\u021b\u0103 care, dup\u0103 o serie de negocieri \u0219i compensa\u021bii ale lui Assan fa\u021b\u0103 de autorit\u0103\u021bile locale, au proiectat cu fine\u021be primul co\u0219 al fabricii cu o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de 26 de metri. Instala\u021bia morii cu abur a fost una dintre cele mai moderne ale secolului al XIX-lea, \u00een contextul \u00een care Bucure\u0219tiul nu de\u021binea la acea vreme nici m\u0103car o fabric\u0103 de c\u0103r\u0103mid\u0103, ea a fost construit\u0103 doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu. \u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, mecanismele moderne ale morii au \u00eenlocuit \u00een scurt timp piatra de m\u0103cinat cu cilindrii din o\u021bel \u0219i por\u021belan, prin care gr\u00e2ul trecea p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd era ob\u021binut\u0103 f\u0103ina de o calitate superioar\u0103, \u0219i nu numai. Din registrele comerciale ale vremii afl\u0103m c\u0103 moara purta numele oficial de Societatea Anonim\u0103 \u201eFabricile Assan\u201d pentru industria \u0219i comer\u021bul f\u0103inii, dar \u0219i a uleiurilor vegetale, lacurilor, culorilor \u0219i alte produse similare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 moartea fondatorului George Assan, moara acestuia a devenit o afacere de familie administrat\u0103 de so\u021bia Alexandrina, dar mai ales de cei doi fii reveni\u021bi din str\u0103in\u0103tate cu solide cuno\u0219tin\u021be de specialitate, Basil (Vasile) G. Assan, inginer mecanic \u0219i Gheorghe G. Assan, chimist \u0219i economist, studii pe care le-au folosit cu abilitate pentru dezvoltarea imperiului l\u0103sat de tat\u0103l lor \u00een 1866. \u00cen plus, cei doi tineri mo\u0219tenitori au r\u0103mas conecta\u021bi cu noile evolu\u021bii \u0219i realit\u0103\u021bi din lume, extinz\u00e2nd fabricile \u0219i \u00een alte loca\u021bii, cea din \u0218oseaua \u0218tefan cel Mare fiind cea mai cunoscut\u0103, \u00een special pentru produc\u021bia de mor\u0103rit, uleiuri, vopsele, lacuri \u0219i s\u0103punuri. Totodat\u0103, fabricile au fost permanent alimentate cu cele mai noi utilaje si tehnologii pentru a pune pe pia\u021b\u0103 cele mai performante \u0219i bune produse \u00een domeniul industrial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La o jum\u0103tate de secol de la \u00eenfiin\u021bare, un scurt bilan\u021b ar\u0103ta c\u0103 moara lui Assan ajunsese s\u0103 alimenteze o treime din popula\u021bia Bucure\u0219tiului, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 7 vagoane de gr\u00e2u pe zi care produceau circa 4 vagoane de f\u0103in\u0103. Mai mult, f\u0103ina dar \u0219i celelalte produse marca Assan erau v\u00e2ndute \u00een toat\u0103 \u021bara. Amintim \u00een acest context, c\u0103 totu\u0219i afacerea nu a func\u021bionat grozav chiar de la \u00eenceput, deoarece moara lui Assan s-a confruntat cu reticen\u021ba societ\u0103\u021bilor tradi\u021bionale, limitate de orizonturile vechilor practici economice \u0219i cu temerea \u021b\u0103ranilor de a acorda credit unei ma\u0219in\u0103rii care le-ar fi putut arde gr\u00e2nele. Ajutorul nesperat pentru comerciantul \u0219i negustorul Assan a venit din partea for\u021bei naturii care pe timp de iarn\u0103 a f\u0103cut impracticabil mor\u0103ritul din cauza apelor \u00eenghe\u021bate, iar localnicii au fost nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 recurg\u0103 la serviciile tehnologice oferite de acesta. Astfel, clien\u021bii s-au convins de beneficii, constat\u00e2nd c\u0103 moara, prin noua tehnologie, nu numai c\u0103 nu ardea gr\u00e2nele, dar oferea produse de calitate superioar\u0103, economisind \u0219i timp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen spiritul rezultatelor spectaculoase ob\u021binute, la 1903, activitatea remarcabil\u0103 a morii a fost s\u0103rb\u0103torit\u0103 prin dotarea cu energie electric\u0103 \u0219i construirea unor noi anexe, magazii, inclusiv un nou siloz de gr\u00e2ne, de 41 de metri \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, iar \u00een v\u00e2rful turnului principal al fabuloasei construc\u021bii a fost ata\u0219at un ceas de dimensiuni foarte mari, cu cifre de bronz, vizibil din dep\u0103rtare. Ceasul a devenit principala atrac\u021bie a oamenilor din cartierul Obor-Colentina dar \u0219i principalul m\u0103sur\u0103tor de timp exact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un deceniu mai t\u00e2rziu, g\u0103sim fabricile Assan tot pe un trend ascendent, cu noi extinderi \u0219i dezvolt\u0103ri. Au fost construite \u0219i ad\u0103ugate pu\u021buri, turnuri de r\u0103cire, pompe centrifuge, cl\u0103direa ma\u0219inilor \u0219i cazanelor, vopseluri \u0219i chituri, fabricile de ulei, s\u0103pun, glicerin\u0103 \u0219i bidone, prese, dar \u0219i alte ateliere, chiar \u0219i locuin\u021be pentru muncitori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soarta fabricilor Assan a devenit tragic\u0103 dup\u0103 na\u021bionalizarea din 11 iunie 1948, c\u00e2nd comuni\u0219tii au \u00eenceput confiscarea afacerilor \u0219i a profiturilor, iar Basil (Vasile) G. Assan a ajuns pe m\u00e2na acestora, fiind arestat, anchetat, torturat, iar ulterior declarat mort printr-un act de sinucidere pus la \u00eendoial\u0103 de familie. Practic, instaurarea regimului comunist \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a reprezentat declinul fabricilor Assan, care au \u00eenregistrat o degradare tot mai accentuat\u0103, prin pierderi financiare colosale, devenind victime ale procesului abuziv de etatizare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 1950, pe o parte din terenul fabricilor Assan au func\u021bionat c\u00e2teva \u00eentreprinderi, precum Fabrica de p\u00e2ine \u201eGr\u00e2ul\u201d \u0219i Fabrica de ulei \u201e13 Decembrie\u201d, iar dup\u0103 pr\u0103bu\u0219irea sistemului dictatorial al lui Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu, o mare parte din ansamblul Moara lui Assan a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie distrus \u0219i vandalizat, multe din utilajele fabricate \u0219i importate din Viena ajung\u00e2nd la fier vechi. \u0218i cum nu era \u00eendeajuns, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 2005 au fost demarate \u0219i o serie de demol\u0103ri, \u00een grab\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi verificate autoriza\u021biile, care au culminat cu distrugeri deliberate provocare unor st\u00e2lpi de sus\u021binere \u0219i pere\u021bii ai frumosului monument istoric al morii Assan care au transformat-o \u00eentr-o ruin\u0103 a Bucure\u0219tiului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moara lui Assan, ceea ce odinioar\u0103 reprezenta cel mai valoros ansamblu industrial al capitalei, o atrac\u021bie pentru locuitorii urbei, \u0219i un motiv de m\u00e2ndrie, in prezent a ajuns in paragina si degradare f\u0103r\u0103 a p\u0103rea s\u0103-i pese cuiva de conservarea acestui monument istoric de valoare na\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mo\u0219tenirea industrial\u0103 cl\u0103dit\u0103 de vizionarul George Assan: prima moar\u0103 cu aburi din Rom\u00e2nia Debutul industrializ\u0103rii Bucure\u0219tiului este legat \u0219i de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nColaboraci\u00f3n con Revista Patronatului Rom\u00e2n - ASEMER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asemer.ro\/index.php\/2023\/01\/31\/colaboracion-con-revista-patronatului-roman-13\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Colaboraci\u00f3n con Revista Patronatului Rom\u00e2n - 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